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Введение

Что такое пульмонология, знает каждый, но термину «неотложная пульмонология» дают самые различные толкования. Если считать, что пульмонология - область здравоохранения, занимающаяся изучением и лечением патологии легких, то неотложная пульмонология - ведение больных с заболеваниями легких, требующих неотложной помощи. Если исходить именно из такого понимания неотложной пульмонологии, то прежде всего необходимо остановиться на сопоставлении пульмонологии и респираторной медицины.

В соответствии с представлениями, все более утверждающимися в отечественной и зарубежной медицине (8, 23, 50), респираторная медицина - область здравоохранения, занимающаяся больными с острой и хронической дыхательной недостаточностью, независимо от ее этиологии и патогенеза.

Следовательно, главный объект пульмонологии - болезни легких, тогда как объект респираторной медицины - дыхательная недостаточность, которая может быть связана с патологией различных функциональных систем организма, а не только легких. Иначе говоря, респираторная медицина прежде всего мультидисциплинарная специальность, сходная с неотложной медициной, реаниматологией, анестезиологией и т.п. Конечно, респираторная медицина очень близка с пульмонологией, но не идентична ей. Пульмонология - моноспециальность, сходная с кардиологией, нефрологией, неврологией и т.п. Однако именно в неотложной пульмонологии близость двух областей здравоохранения - пульмонологии и респираторной медицины - проявляется особенно сильно. И прежде всего потому, что в любой специализированной области здравоохранения часто встречается острая дыхательная недостаточность или обостряется хроническая, когда только неотложные меры помощи позволяют сохранить больному жизнь. Этими навыками и знаниями должны владеть врачи общей практики, неотложной помощи и конечно же пульмонологи.

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