Электронная библиотека технического вуза
1. GENERAL NOSOLOGY
I. The major causes of venous hyperemia are the following:
1. Left-sided heart failure.
2. Right-sided heart failure.
3. A decrease in blood viscosity.
4. Obstruction of venous vessels.
5. Compression of venous vessels.
6. Contraction of arterial vessels.
7. Insufficiency of the venous valves.
8. Simultaneous contraction of arterial and venous vessels.
II. Choose the causes of arterial hyperemia.
1. A decrease in arterial pressure.
2. Left-sided heart failure.
3. A decrease in the sympathetic drive in the skin.
4. Accumulation of potassium in the tissue.
5. Increased local temperature.
III. Which of the following signs characterize venous hyperemia?
1. An increase in capillary permeability.
2. A decrease in the blood flow rate in the affected area.
3. An increase in water resorption in venules.