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Лекция 15. Поражения кожи у больных ВИЧ-инфекцией

С.Н. Потекаев, Т.Н. Ермак

У ВИЧ-инфицированных лиц высока частота поражений кожи: ими, по многочисленным данным, в разные стадии ВИЧ-инфекции страдают 90% больных. Для наших широт наибольшее практическое значение имеют микозы, вирусные дерматозы, пиодермиты, папулезная сыпь, себо-рейный дерматит, ангиопатии и саркома Капоши.

Микозы у ВИЧ-инфицированных больных представлены в основном кандидозом, руброфитией и отрубевидным лишаем.

Им присущи следующие особенности. Быстрая генерализация с формированием часто обширных очагов, поражающих, в том числе, волосистую часть головы, лицо, кисти и стопы; упорное течение; стойкость к терапии; достигнутые ремиссии, как правило, кратковременны.

Самое раннее и частое вторичное заболевание при ВИЧ-инфекции - кандидоз, поэтому он достаточно часто сочетается с другими поражениями кожи и слизистых оболочек, преимущественно с герпетическими поражениями и себо-рейным дерматитом. Подробная характеристика кандидоза у больных ВИЧ-инфекцией представлена ранее.

Остановимся на других кожных поражениях, проявляющихся на фоне иммунодефицита.

Руброфития. У ВИЧ-инфицированных по сравнению с незаражен-ными ВИЧ лицами этот микоз подчас распространяется за пределы стоп, поражая гладкую кожу, особенно крупные складки и области роста длинных волос, кисти. Руброфития у ВИЧ-инфицированных может протекать по типу многоформной экссудативной эритемы, себорейного дерматита, ладонно-подошвенной кератодермии, инфильтративно-на-гноительной трихофитии. Она может быть представлена многочисленными плоскими папулами. У страдающих ВИЧ-инфекцией чаще, чем у лиц без ВИЧ-инфекции, встречаются инфильтративные формы рубро-фитии по типу гранулемы Майокки. Поражения кистей, гладкой кожи и области роста длинных волос возможны и при интактных стопах: заражение происходит первично извне.

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