Chapter 3. PRINCIPLES AND CLINICAL USE OF ULTRASOUND EXAMINATION

Ultrasound method of examination is based on ultrasound examination of the human body by means of ultrasonic waves (Fig. 3.1). This method has become widespread due to many reasons, one of which is that ultrasound has virtually no contraindications, and this is determined primarily by the absence of ionizing radiation.

Fig. 3.1. Thyroid ultrasound examination

Ultrasound diagnostic yield is almost harmless. That is why it replaced radiologic examinations in solving a number of clinical issues. An ultrasound scan can be used an unlimited number of times within the whole period of monitoring of the patient and can be repeated several times in case it is clinically ne cessary. Ultrasound scan does not require the use of contrast agents, which can affect the human body.

The second undoubtful advantage of ultrasound scan is that the study is conducted in real-time. It helps to get not only static but also a dynamic image of the organ under study (movement of the cardiac walls, intestinal peristalsis, pulsation of the blood vessels, the movement of the fetus). The method can significantly expand the possibilities

of radiology, especially in solving clinical issues in the field of cardiology, angiology and obstetrics. It also makes it possible to examine the patients in critical condition, children who, for example, cannot hold their breath or patients who have a negative attitude to other methods of diagnostic radiology.

The third reason why ultrasound stands out of other methods of diagnostic radiology is its availability, which is especially important for nontransportable patients and emergency diagnosis. This method is also characterised by cost-effectiveness. Thus, during only one appointment, it is possible to conduct the ultrasound of many body parts when the clinical picture is unclear.