Электронная библиотека технического вуза
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МИТОХОНДРИАЛЬНАЯ ЦЕПЬ ПЕРЕНОСА ЭЛЕКТРОНОВ. ОКИСЛИТЕЛЬНОЕ ФОСФОРИЛИРОВАНИЕ
1. Около 70% суточного количества энергии используется организмом в состоянии покоя для обеспечения работы сердца, мозга, почек, печени и других органов. Теоретические расчеты показали, что каждый из этих органов использует и производит АТФ в сутки в несколько раз больше собственной массы (табл. 5.1). Какой основной процесс обеспечивает клетки этих тканей энергией в виде АТФ? Для ответа:
а) изобразите схему цепи переноса электронов (ЦПЭ) и опишите механизм синтеза АТФ, сопряженный с этим процессом;
б) укажите возможные значения коэффициента фосфорилирования и факторы, влияющие на их величину;
в) объясните, на какие процессы используется основное количество АТФ в указанных тканях.
Таблица 5.1. Производство АТФ различными органами за одни сутки
Орган
АТФ на 1 г ткани, г
Почки
24
Сердце
16
Мозг
6
Печень
Скелетные мышцы в покое
0,3
Скелетные мышцы при беге
**2. Известно, что один из самых быстродействующих ядов - цианид. При попадании в организм смертельной дозы яда гибель происходит в течение нескольких минут. Быстрота действия объясняется тем, что цианид легко проходит через мембраны клеток и буквально за один цикл кровообращения попадает внутрь большинства клеток. Поэтому цианид опасен при любом виде контакта с организмом: попадании в ЖКТ, вдыхании паров, содержащих цианид, контакте с кожными покровами. Объясните молекулярный механизм действия цианида. При ответе:
а) изобразите схему ЦПЭ, назовите ферментные комплексы, которые входят в состав ЦПЭ, объясните понятие «окислительное фосфорилирование»;
б) на схеме укажите место действия цианида и опишите механизм его действия;
в) укажите донор и акцептор электронов ферментного комплекса, на который действует цианид;
г) объясните, как и почему изменяется цвет венозной крови у человека, отравившегося цианидом.