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ivlassssdss="">Plan="">Plan">PlanPlan>Planlann>/span>pan>t">span class="">► Historical aspects of the autonomic nervous system.an class="">► Historical aspects of the autonomic nervous system. class="">► Historical aspects of the autonomic nervous system.aspects of the autonomic nervous system.pects of the autonomic nervous system.cts of the autonomic nervous system.s of the autonomic nervous system.of the autonomic nervous system. the autonomic nervous system.autonomic nervous system.tonomic nervous system.nomic nervous system.class="">► Structural and functional organization of the autonomic nervous system. Comparative characteristics of autonomic and somatic reflexes. Comparative characteristics of sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous systems.ass="">► Structural and functional organization of the autonomic nervous system. Comparative characteristics of autonomic and somatic reflexes. Comparative characteristics of sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous systems.s="">► Structural and functional organization of the autonomic nervous system. Comparative characteristics of autonomic and somatic reflexes. Comparative characteristics of sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous systems. Structural and functional organization of the autonomic nervous system. Comparative characteristics of autonomic and somatic reflexes. Comparative characteristics of sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous systems. Structural and functional organization of the autonomic nervous system. Comparative characteristics of autonomic and somatic reflexes. Comparative characteristics of sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous systems.bsp;Structural and functional organization of the autonomic nervous system. Comparative characteristics of autonomic and somatic reflexes. Comparative characteristics of sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous systems.zation of the autonomic nervous system. Comparative characteristics of autonomic and somatic reflexes. Comparative characteristics of sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous systems.tion of the autonomic nervous system. Comparative characteristics of autonomic and somatic reflexes. Comparative characteristics of sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous systems.on of the autonomic nervous system. Comparative characteristics of autonomic and somatic reflexes. Comparative characteristics of sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous systems.haracteristics of autonomic and somatic reflexes. Comparative characteristics of sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous systems.racteristics of autonomic and somatic reflexes. Comparative characteristics of sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous systems.cteristics of autonomic and somatic reflexes. Comparative characteristics of sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous systems.eristics of autonomic and somatic reflexes. Comparative characteristics of sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous systems.istics of autonomic and somatic reflexes. Comparative characteristics of sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous systems.tics of autonomic and somatic reflexes. Comparative characteristics of sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous systems.cs of autonomic and somatic reflexes. Comparative characteristics of sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous systems.f autonomic and somatic reflexes. Comparative characteristics of sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous systems.autonomic and somatic reflexes. Comparative characteristics of sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous systems.tonomic and somatic reflexes. Comparative characteristics of sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous systems.mic and somatic reflexes. Comparative characteristics of sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous systems.c and somatic reflexes. Comparative characteristics of sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous systems.somatic reflexes. Comparative characteristics of sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous systems.matic reflexes. Comparative characteristics of sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous systems.tic reflexes. Comparative characteristics of sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous systems.omparative characteristics of sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous systems.parative characteristics of sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous systems.rative characteristics of sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous systems.ive characteristics of sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous systems.e characteristics of sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous systems.characteristics of sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous systems. and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous systems.nd parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous systems. parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous systems.arasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous systems.asympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous systems.ympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous systems.hetic divisions of the autonomic nervous systems.tic divisions of the autonomic nervous systems.c divisions of the autonomic nervous systems.classassstxtt"">► Structural and functional organization of the metasympathetic (enteric) autonomic nervous system.► Structural and functional organization of the metasympathetic (enteric) autonomic nervous system. Structural and functional organization of the metasympathetic (enteric) autonomic nervous system.tasympathetic (enteric) autonomic nervous system.sympathetic (enteric) autonomic nervous system.mpathetic (enteric) autonomic nervous system.athetic (enteric) autonomic nervous system.hetic (enteric) autonomic nervous system.tic (enteric) autonomic nervous system.c (enteric) autonomic nervous system.nteric) autonomic nervous system.eric) autonomic nervous system.ic) autonomic nervous system.autonomic nervous system.tonomic nervous system.c nervous system.nervous system.rvous system.span>an>>an class="">► Integration of activities of different parts of the autonomic nervous system to the benefit of an organism. class="">► Integration of activities of different parts of the autonomic nervous system to the benefit of an organism.lass="">► Integration of activities of different parts of the autonomic nervous system to the benefit of an organism.ss="">► Integration of activities of different parts of the autonomic nervous system to the benefit of an organism.="">► Integration of activities of different parts of the autonomic nervous system to the benefit of an organism.">► Integration of activities of different parts of the autonomic nervous system to the benefit of an organism. Integration of activities of different parts of the autonomic nervous system to the benefit of an organism.bsp;Integration of activities of different parts of the autonomic nervous system to the benefit of an organism.p;Integration of activities of different parts of the autonomic nervous system to the benefit of an organism.vous system to the benefit of an organism.us system to the benefit of an organism. system to the benefit of an organism.m to the benefit of an organism.to the benefit of an organism. the benefit of an organism.n organism.organism.ganism.storical Aspects of Concept of Autonomic Nervous Systemorical Aspects of Concept of Autonomic Nervous Systemical Aspects of Concept of Autonomic Nervous Systemal Aspects of Concept of Autonomic Nervous System Aspects of Concept of Autonomic Nervous Systemspects of Concept of Autonomic Nervous Systemects of Concept of Autonomic Nervous System of Concept of Autonomic Nervous Systemf Concept of Autonomic Nervous SystemConcept of Autonomic Nervous Systemept of Autonomic Nervous Systemt of Autonomic Nervous Systemutonomic Nervous Systemonomic Nervous Systemomic Nervous Systemstemem
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Plan

► Historical aspects of the autonomic nervous system.

► Structural and functional organization of the autonomic nervous system. Comparative characteristics of autonomic and somatic reflexes. Comparative characteristics of sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous systems.

► Structural and functional organization of the metasympathetic (enteric) autonomic nervous system.

► Integration of activities of different parts of the autonomic nervous system to the benefit of an organism.

Historical Aspects of Concept of Autonomic Nervous System

The autonomic nervous system (the ANS) is understood as a complex of central and peripheral nerve structures providing coordinated activity of internal organs for best adaptation of an organism to the variable environment.

First ideas about structure and functions of the ANS date back to the ancient Rome and belong to Galen, Roman physician (129-199 A.D.). It was Galen who introduced the term ?sympathetic? (meaning ?consanguineous?, or providing connection) for the nerve trunk extending along the vertebral column. He described the route and distribution of the vagus (X cranial) nerve in the body. Galen believed that sympathetic nerves were responsible for harmonization of activity of the internal organs.

A more detailed description of sympathetic ganglia was given by Italian anatomist Andreas Vesalius in the 16th century. Vesalius was the first to make a suggestion about sympathetic nerves providing connection between internal organs and the brain.

Further development of the concept of the ANS is connected with the works of French anatomist Francois Bichat (1801) who classified all functions

of the body into animal (somatic) and organic. He believed that the animal (somatic) life was supported by the spinal cord, whereas the organic life was provided by the system of sympathetic nodes (ganglia).