APPENDIX
LIST OF QUESTIONS FOR EXAMINATION AND TEST
PREPARATION
General Specialty Questions
Anatomical, functional and methodological background for emergence of the otorhinolaryngology specialty.
Ear
Clinical anatomy and physiology of the acoustic system. Acoustic field characterization in terms of loudness and frequency. Adaptation, auditory fatigue, ototopics.
Vestibular system examination methods. Induced vestibular reactions, methods for their registration.
Description of vestibular nystagmus, methods for its registration. Vestibu-lar reactions in acute labyrinthitis.
Otolithic apparatus function examination methods.
Nystagmus. Methods for its identification and registration. Fistular (pressor) symptom, its diagnostic significance.
Differential diagnosis of conductive and sensorineural hearing loss.
Acute and chronic eustachitis (salpingootitis, eustachitis). Etiology, patho-genesis, causes of Eustachian tube dysfunction, symptoms and treatment.
Acute otitis media. Etiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, treatment, indications for paracentesis and its performance technique, outcomes, prevention.
Mastoiditis. Etiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis methods. Treatment, prevention.
Chronic suppurative otitis media. Etiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, classification, diagnosis, disease management.
Epitympanitis. Clinical presentation, examination methods, diagnosis treatment.
Otogenic intracranial complications (list, describe pathways of infection spreading from the middle ear to the cranial cavity). Disease management in otogenic intracranial complications.
Otogenic meningitis. Etiology, pathogenesis, pathways of infection, clinical presentation, diagnosis, examination methods, treatment.