Surface chemistry studies such phenomena as damping, adhesion, sorption and surface tension.
Surface tension (σ) is defined as energy per unit area, [J/m2], or the force that causes the surface of a liquid to contract [N/m]. Among the pure liquids, Hg has a maximum value of σ. Among the biological fluids, H2O has a maximum value of σ, and dissolved substances may either increase or decrease this constant, forming a new system.
As Gibbs’ energy (G) tends to the minimum (ΔG <0 for the spontaneous process), the surface Gibbs’ energy GS = σ ∙ S → min, and for pure liquids S → min is the only way to decrease free surface energy, that is why liquids form drops. The greater σ — the bigger drop may be formed, thus the number of drops in the certain volume is less. This method is often used to find the value of σ in either pure solvents or solutions including biological fluids and drugs. Surface tension (σ) depends on t°, pressure, the polarity of phases, concentration and nature of solutes (or admixtures). Here is another way to decrease free surface energy (GS): the component with a lesser value of σ is pushed out, onto the surface.
There are three groups of substances by the influence on surface tension (σ):
SAA, surface active agents, or surfactants — decrease σ, being pushed out on the surface (e.g.: alcohols, carboxylic acids, thiols, and so on).
SNA, surface nonactive agents, have no influence on σ (e.g.: sucrose, glucose, and so on).
bTCont-ISBN9785970438831-0034">CHAPTER 15. DRUGS AFFECTING THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEMAPTER 15. DRUGS AFFECTING THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEMTER 15. DRUGS AFFECTING THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEMR 15. DRUGS AFFECTING THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM15. DRUGS AFFECTING THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM. DRUGS AFFECTING THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEMS AFFECTING THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEMAFFECTING THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEMFECTING THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEMING THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEMG THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEMTHE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM-0035.html035.html5.htmlhtmlmlont-row-doc-at-row-doc-arow-doc-a AFFECTING MYOMETRIUMFFECTING MYOMETRIUMECTING MYOMETRIUMTING MYOMETRIUMNG MYOMETRIUM MYOMETRIUMYOMETRIUMMETRIUMM
divv>divv hrefefttps://prior.studentlibrary.ru/en/doc/ISBN9785970438831-0042.htmlps://prior.studentlibrary.ru/en/doc/ISBN9785970438831-0042.html://prior.studentlibrary.ru/en/doc/ISBN9785970438831-0042.htmlor.studentlibrary.ru/en/doc/ISBN9785970438831-0042.html.studentlibrary.ru/en/doc/ISBN9785970438831-0042.htmltudentlibrary.ru/en/doc/ISBN9785970438831-0042.htmlntlibrary.ru/en/doc/ISBN9785970438831-0042.htmllibrary.ru/en/doc/ISBN9785970438831-0042.htmlbrary.ru/en/doc/ISBN9785970438831-0042.html970438831-0042.html0438831-0042.html38831-0042.html831-0042.html1-0042.html0042.html42.html.html" classs="lassssTCont-row-docrow-docw-docdoc" idrow-docw-docdocc" idTCont-ISBN9785970438831-0045ont-ISBN9785970438831-0045t-ISBN9785970438831-0045BN9785970438831-00459785970438831-004585970438831-0045bTCont-row-docCont-row-docnt-row-doc-row-docow-doc-dococd="Cont-ISBN9785970438831-0048nt-ISBN9785970438831-0048-ISBN9785970438831-0048/prior.studentlibrary.ru/en/doc/ISBN9785970438831-0049.htmlrior.studentlibrary.ru/en/doc/ISBN9785970438831-0049.htmlor.studentlibrary.ru/en/doc/ISBN9785970438831-0049.html.studentlibrary.ru/en/doc/ISBN9785970438831-0049.htmltudentlibrary.ru/en/doc/ISBN9785970438831-0049.htmldentlibrary.ru/en/doc/ISBN9785970438831-0049.htmlntlibrary.ru/en/doc/ISBN9785970438831-0049.htmllibrary.ru/en/doc/ISBN9785970438831-0049.htmly.ru/en/doc/ISBN9785970438831-0049.htmlru/en/doc/ISBN9785970438831-0049.html/en/doc/ISBN9785970438831-0049.htmldoc/ISBN9785970438831-0049.htmlc/ISBN9785970438831-0049.htmlISBN9785970438831-0049.htmlc-aa">CHAPTER 28. ANTISEPTICS AND DISINFECTANTSAPTER 28. ANTISEPTICS AND DISINFECTANTSTER 28. ANTISEPTICS AND DISINFECTANTSR 28. ANTISEPTICS AND DISINFECTANTSANTISEPTICS AND DISINFECTANTSTISEPTICS AND DISINFECTANTSSEPTICS AND DISINFECTANTSICS AND DISINFECTANTSS AND DISINFECTANTSAND DISINFECTANTSreff="https://prior.studentlibrary.ru/en/doc/ISBN9785970438831-0052.htmls://prior.studentlibrary.ru/en/doc/ISBN9785970438831-0052.html//prior.studentlibrary.ru/en/doc/ISBN9785970438831-0052.htmludentlibrary.ru/en/doc/ISBN9785970438831-0052.htmldentlibrary.ru/en/doc/ISBN9785970438831-0052.html831-00531-0053005353>
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