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4. Principles of Protecting Polymers against Flammability

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Aging of Polymers and Polymeric Materials Caused by Environmental Impact: tutorial. Part 2

Table of contents

1. Principles of Protecting Polymers against Thermal Aging. Thermal Stabilizers. Classification and Application Examples +

2. Principles of Protecting Polymers against Oxidation +

3. Principles of Protecting Polymers Against Ozone Aging. Classification of Antiozonants +

4. Principles of Protecting Polymers against Flammability -

4.1. Methods to Reduce the Flammability of Polymers

4.2. Classification and Mode of Action of Fire Retardants

4.2.1. Mode of Action of Halogen-Containing Fire Retardants

4.2.2. Synergistic Mixtures of Halogen-Containing Fire Retardants and Metal Oxides

4.2.3. Phosphorus-Containing Fire Retardants

4.2.3.1. Mechanism of Effect of Phosphorus-Containing Fire Retardants

4.2.3.2. Phosphorus-Containing Fire Retardants Containing Halogen Atoms

4.2.3.3. Phosphorus-Containing Fire Retardants Containing Nitrogen Atoms

4.3. Metal Hydroxides. Mechanism of Inhibitory Effect of Metal Hydroxides

4.3.1. Aluminum Hydroxide

4.3.2. Magnesium Hydroxide

4.4. Other Classes of Fire Retardants

4.5. Chemical Modification of Polymers

4.5.1. Chlorination

4.5.2. Sulfochlorination

4.5.3. Phosphorylation

5. Principles of Protecting Polymers against Photodestruction +

6. Principles of Protecting Polymers against Biodegradation +

7. Methods of Stabilizer Introduction