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Chapter 1. Some issues of general ecology

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Pharmaceutical Ecology

Table of contents

List of abbreviations

Chapter 1. Some issues of general ecology -

1.1. Ecology as a science. Aggravation of environmental problems as a result of social development

1.2. Environment. Ecological factors

1.3. Biosphere. Biosphere components according to V.I. Vernadsky

1.4. Biosphere boundaries

1.5. Fundamental principles of V.I. Vernadsky’s theory

1.7.1. Definition

1.7.2. Ecosystems structure

1.7.3. Species diversity as a primary factor of ecosystem stability

1.8. Cycle of Matters. Trophic Chains

1.9. Commoner laws

1.10. Hydrosphere

1.10.1. Composition

1.10.2. Classification of water bodies

1.10.3. Role of the hydrosphere for living organisms and the national economy

1.10.4. Major pollutants of the hydrosphere

1.11. Atmosphere

1.11.1. Composition

1.11.2. The role of the atmosphere in the national economy and human life

1.11.3. Increase in carbon and nitrogen oxides, methane, and water vapour in the atmosphere

1.11.4. Greenhouse effect

1.11.5. Acid rains

1.11.6. The risk of ozone layer degradation. The role of freons and solar activity

1.12. Lithosphere

1.12.1. Composition

1.12.2. Role of the lithosphere for the biosphere

1.12.3. Soil contaminants

1.13. Monitoring

1.13.1. Types of monitoring

1.13.2. Chemical and pharmaceutical companies as a source of environmental pollution

Chapter 2. Environmental pollution with pollutants from industrial wastewater +

Chapter 3. Environmental pollution with emissions into the atmosphere +

Chapter 4. Environmental pollution with industrial waste +

Chapter 5. Pollution of the environment with heavy metals +

Chapter 6. Pollution of the environment with pesticides, dioxins and other polycyclic aromatic compounds +

Chapter 7. Pollution of the environment with nitrogen compounds +

Chapter 8. Pollution of the environment with radionuclides +

Chapter 9. Food additives +

Chapter 10. Dietary supplements +

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