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Part I. GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY

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Medical Microbiology, Virology, Immunology : textbook. Vol. 1

Table of contents

COMPOSITE AUTHORS

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

Part I. GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY -

Chapter 1. Introduction to microbiology and immunology (V.N. Tsarev)

1.1. The subject of medical microbiology

1.2. Objectives and methods of medical microbiology

1.3. Discovery of microbes and study of the microbial world

Revision tasks (for self-control)

Chapter 2. Microbial morphology and classification

2.1. Microbial systematics and nomenclature (E.P. Pashkov, L.I. Petrova)

2.2. Bacterial classification and morphology (E.P. Pashkov, A.S. Bykov, M.N. Boichenko)

2.2.1. Morphological forms of bacteria

2.2.2. Bacterial cell structure

2.2.3. Structural features of spirochetes, rickettsia, chlamydia, actinomyces and mycoplasma

2.3. Structure and classification of fungi (A.S. Bykov)

2.4. Structure and classification of protozoa (A.S. Bykov)

2.5. STructure and classification of viruses (A.S. Bykov)

Revision tasks (for self-control)

Chapter 3. Microbial physiology

3.1. Bacterial physiology (M.N. Boichenko, V.V. Tets)

3.1.1. Nutrition in bacteria

3.1.2. Bacterial enzymes

1.4. Structural metabolism4. Structural metabolism Structural metabolismuctural metabolismtural metabolismmetabolismtabolismbolismivlass="aTCont-row-sect adepth4.ru/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/059.htmlu/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/059.htmlen/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/059.html/ISBN9785970470725-0002/059.htmlSBN9785970470725-0002/059.htmlN9785970470725-0002/059.html-a adepth-a4 adepth-a4depth-a4pth-a4h-a4a4.1.5. Substance transfer.5. Substance transferSubstance transferbstance transfere transfertransferansferivlass="aTCont-row-sect adepth4.ru/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/064.htmlu/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/064.htmlen/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/064.html/ISBN9785970470725-0002/064.htmlSBN9785970470725-0002/064.htmlN9785970470725-0002/064.html.1.6. Regulation of bacterial metabolism.6. Regulation of bacterial metabolism. Regulation of bacterial metabolismRegulation of bacterial metabolismgulation of bacterial metabolismlation of bacterial metabolismon of bacterial metabolism of bacterial metabolismf bacterial metabolismcterial metabolismerial metabolismmetabolismtabolismbolismivlass="aTCont-row-sect adepth4.ru/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/065.htmlu/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/065.htmlen/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/065.html/ISBN9785970470725-0002/065.htmlSBN9785970470725-0002/065.htmlN9785970470725-0002/065.htmlesis of bacteria and bacterial communitiesis of bacteria and bacterial communities of bacteria and bacterial communitiesf bacteria and bacterial communitiesbacteria and bacterial communitiescteria and bacterial communitieseria and bacterial communities and bacterial communitiesnd bacterial communities bacterial communitiesterial communitiesrial communitiesommunitiesmunitiesnitiesivlass="aTCont-row-sect adepth4.ru/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/066.htmlu/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/066.htmlen/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/066.html/ISBN9785970470725-0002/066.htmlSBN9785970470725-0002/066.htmlN9785970470725-0002/066.htmlth-a4-a44">3.1.8. Secondary metabolism1.8. Secondary metabolism Secondary metabolismbsp;Secondary metabolismp;Secondary metabolismcondary metabolismndary metabolismmetabolismtabolismbolismivlass="aTCont-row-sect adepth4.ru/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/067.htmlu/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/067.htmlen/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/067.html/ISBN9785970470725-0002/067.htmlSBN9785970470725-0002/067.htmlN9785970470725-0002/067.htmlct-a adepth-a4-a adepth-a4 adepth-a4mental factorsntal factorsal factors factorsactorstorsrsivw-sect adepth4sect adepth4ct adepth4 adepth4depth4pth4"><-0002/073.html002/073.html2/073.htmlhtmlmlct-a adepth-a4-a adepth-a4 adepth-a4d reproductionreproductionproductionoductionuctiontiononivw-sect adepth4sect adepth4ct adepth4 adepth4depth4pth4"><-0002/078.html002/078.html2/078.htmlhtmlmlct-a adepth-a4-a adepth-a4 adepth-a4rial culturingal culturing culturingulturingturingringngivw-sect adepth4sect adepth4ct adepth4 adepth4depth4pth4"><-0002/081.html002/081.html2/081.htmlhtmlmlct-a adepth-a4-a adepth-a4 adepth-a4al communities communitiesommunitiesmunitiesnitiestiesesivivw-sect adepth3sect adepth3ct adepth3 adepth3depth3pth3"><-0002/082.html002/082.html2/082.htmlhtmlmlct-a adepth-a3-a adepth-a3 adepth-a3v, A.S. Bykov) A.S. Bykov).S. Bykov). 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DisinfectionDisinfectionsinfectionnfectionectiontiononivw-sect adepth4sect adepth4ct adepth4 adepth4depth4pth4"><-0002/129.html002/129.html2/129.htmlhtmlmlct-a adepth-a4-a adepth-a4 adepth-a4 Sterilizationterilizationrilizationlizationzationtiononivw-sect adepth4sect adepth4ct adepth4 adepth4depth4pth4"><-0002/132.html002/132.html2/132.htmlhtmlmlct-a adepth-a4-a adepth-a4 adepth-a4and antisepsisd antisepsisantisepsistisepsissepsispsisisivivw-sect adepth3sect adepth3ct adepth3 adepth3depth3pth3"><-0002/135.html002/135.html2/135.htmlhtmlmlct-a adepth-a3-a adepth-a3 adepth-a3y microbiologymicrobiologycrobiologyobiologyiologylogyivw-sect adepth4sect adepth4ct adepth4 adepth4depth4pth4"><-0002/145.html002/145.html2/145.htmlhtmlmlct-a adepth-a4-a adepth-a4 adepth-a4study of waterudy of watery of waterof water wateratererivw-sect adepth4sect adepth4ct adepth4 adepth4depth4pth4"><-0002/150.html002/150.html2/150.htmlhtmlmlct-a adepth-a4-a adepth-a4 adepth-a4 study of soiltudy of soildy of soil of soilf soilsoililivw-sect adepth4sect adepth4ct adepth4 adepth4depth4pth4"><-0002/153.html002/153.html2/153.htmlhtmlmlct-a adepth-a4-a adepth-a4 adepth-a4al environment environmentnvironmentironmentonmentmentntivw-sect adepth4sect adepth4ct adepth4 adepth4depth4pth4"><-0002/154.html002/154.html2/154.htmlhtmlmlct-a adepth-a4-a adepth-a4 adepth-a4ply facilitiesy facilitiesfacilitiescilitieslitiestiesesivivw-sect adepth3sect adepth3ct adepth3 adepth3depth3pth3"><-0002/165.html002/165.html2/165.htmlhtmlmlct-a adepth-a3 aTCont-current_sect adepth3-a adepth-a3 aTCont-current_sect adepth3 adepth-a3 aTCont-current_sect adepth3pth3h3evision tasks (for self-control)ision tasks (for self-control)n tasks (for self-control)tasks (for self-control)sks (for self-control)s (for self-control)or self-control) self-control)elf-control)control)ntrol)ivlass="aTCont-row-sect adepth2.ru/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/166.htmlu/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/166.htmlen/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/166.html/ISBN9785970470725-0002/166.htmlSBN9785970470725-0002/166.htmlN9785970470725-0002/166.htmlter 5. Microbial genetics (M.N. Boichenko)r 5. Microbial genetics (M.N. Boichenko)5. Microbial genetics (M.N. Boichenko) Microbial genetics (M.N. Boichenko)icrobial genetics (M.N. Boichenko)robial genetics (M.N. Boichenko)al genetics (M.N. Boichenko) genetics (M.N. Boichenko)ics (M.N. Boichenko)s (M.N. Boichenko)(M.N. Boichenko)ivlass="aTCont-row-sect adepth3.ru/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/167.htmlu/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/167.htmlen/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/167.html/ISBN9785970470725-0002/167.htmlSBN9785970470725-0002/167.htmlN9785970470725-0002/167.htmlpth-a3h-a3a3. Bacterial genome structureBacterial genome structureial genome structurel genome structuregenome structureivlass="aTCont-row-sect adepth4.ru/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/168.htmlu/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/168.htmlen/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/168.html/ISBN9785970470725-0002/168.htmlSBN9785970470725-0002/168.htmlN9785970470725-0002/168.html adepth-a4depth-a4pth-a4h-a4a4.1.1. Bacterial chromosome.1. Bacterial chromosome. Bacterial chromosomecterial chromosomeerial chromosomechromosomeromosomemosomeivlass="aTCont-row-sect adepth4.ru/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/169.htmlu/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/169.htmlen/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/169.html/ISBN9785970470725-0002/169.htmlSBN9785970470725-0002/169.htmlN9785970470725-0002/169.html-a adepth-a4 adepth-a4depth-a4pth-a4h-a4a4.1.2. Bacterial plasmids.2. Bacterial plasmidsBacterial plasmidscterial plasmidsl plasmidsplasmidsasmidsivlass="aTCont-row-sect adepth4.ru/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/170.htmlu/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/170.htmlen/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/170.html/ISBN9785970470725-0002/170.htmlSBN9785970470725-0002/170.htmlN9785970470725-0002/170.htmlepth-a4th-a4-a44">5.1.3. Mobile genetic elements3. Mobile genetic elements Mobile genetic elementsobile genetic elementse genetic elementsgenetic elementsc elementselementsementsivlass="aTCont-row-sect adepth4.ru/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/171.htmlu/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/171.htmlen/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/171.html/ISBN9785970470725-0002/171.htmlSBN9785970470725-0002/171.htmlN9785970470725-0002/171.html-row-sect-a adepth-a4ow-sect-a adepth-a4-sect-a adepth-a4ect-a adepth-a4t-a adepth-a4a adepth-a4adepth-a4th-a4-a44>5.1.4. Integrons Integronsntegronsegronsivlass="aTCont-row-sect adepth4.ru/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/172.htmlu/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/172.htmlen/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/172.html/ISBN9785970470725-0002/172.htmlSBN9785970470725-0002/172.htmlN9785970470725-0002/172.html>5.1.5. Pathogenicity islands (PAIs)1.5. Pathogenicity islands (PAIs)5. Pathogenicity islands (PAIs) Pathogenicity islands (PAIs)bsp;Pathogenicity islands (PAIs)p;Pathogenicity islands (PAIs)thogenicity islands (PAIs)ogenicity islands (PAIs)enicity islands (PAIs)ity islands (PAIs)y islands (PAIs)nds (PAIs)s (PAIs)(PAIs)ivlass="aTCont-row-sect adepth4.ru/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/173.htmlu/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/173.htmlen/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/173.html/ISBN9785970470725-0002/173.htmlSBN9785970470725-0002/173.htmlN9785970470725-0002/173.htmltion against foreign deoxyribonucleic acidon against foreign deoxyribonucleic acid against foreign deoxyribonucleic acidgainst foreign deoxyribonucleic acidinst foreign deoxyribonucleic acidst foreign deoxyribonucleic acid foreign deoxyribonucleic acideign deoxyribonucleic acidgn deoxyribonucleic acid deoxyribonucleic acideoxyribonucleic acidribonucleic acidbonucleic acidnucleic acideic acidc acidivlass="aTCont-row-sect adepth3.ru/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/174.htmlu/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/174.htmlen/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/174.html/ISBN9785970470725-0002/174.htmlSBN9785970470725-0002/174.htmlN9785970470725-0002/174.htmla adepth-a3adepth-a3epth-a3th-a3-a33"5.2. Mutations in bacteria2. Mutations in bacteria Mutations in bacteriaations in bacteriaions in bacterian bacteriabacteriacteriaivlass="aTCont-row-sect adepth3.ru/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/175.htmlu/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/175.htmlen/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/175.html/ISBN9785970470725-0002/175.htmlSBN9785970470725-0002/175.htmlN9785970470725-0002/175.htmlepth-a3th-a3-a33">3. Recombination in bacteria Recombination in bacteriabination in bacterianation in bacteriation in bacteriaivlass="aTCont-row-sect adepth4.ru/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/176.htmlu/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/176.htmlen/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/176.html/ISBN9785970470725-0002/176.htmlSBN9785970470725-0002/176.htmlN9785970470725-0002/176.htmlpth-a4h-a4a4.3.1. Homologous recombination. Homologous recombinationHomologous recombinationmologous recombinationgous recombinationus recombinationombinationbinationnationivlass="aTCont-row-sect adepth4.ru/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/177.htmlu/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/177.htmlen/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/177.html/ISBN9785970470725-0002/177.htmlSBN9785970470725-0002/177.htmlN9785970470725-0002/177.html.3.2. Site-specific recombination.2. Site-specific recombination. Site-specific recombinationnbsp;Site-specific recombinationsp;Site-specific recombinationite-specific recombinatione-specific recombinationspecific recombinationific recombinationic recombinationombinationbinationnationivlass="aTCont-row-sect adepth4.ru/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/178.htmlu/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/178.htmlen/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/178.html/ISBN9785970470725-0002/178.htmlSBN9785970470725-0002/178.htmlN9785970470725-0002/178.html;Illegitimate or replicative recombinationllegitimate or replicative recombinationegitimate or replicative recombinationitimate or replicative recombinationimate or replicative recombinationate or replicative recombinatione or replicative recombination replicative recombinationeplicative recombinationlicative recombinationcative recombinationve recombination recombinationecombinationbinationnationivlass="aTCont-row-sect adepth3ru/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/0000.html/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/0000.htmln/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/0000.htmlISBN9785970470725-0002/0000.htmlBN9785970470725-0002/0000.html9785970470725-0002/0000.htmlransfer of genetic information in bacteriansfer of genetic information in bacteriafer of genetic information in bacteriar of genetic information in bacteriaof genetic information in bacteria genetic information in bacteriaetic information in bacteriaic information in bacteriaormation in bacteriamation in bacteriation in bacteriaivlass="aTCont-row-sect adepth4.ru/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/179.htmlu/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/179.htmlen/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/179.html/ISBN9785970470725-0002/179.htmlSBN9785970470725-0002/179.htmlN9785970470725-0002/179.htmlow-sect-a adepth-a4-sect-a adepth-a4ect-a adepth-a4t-a adepth-a4a adepth-a4adepth-a4epth-a4-a44"5.4.1. Conjugation4.1. Conjugationonjugationjugationgationivlass="aTCont-row-sect adepth4.ru/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/180.htmlu/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/180.htmlen/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/180.html/ISBN9785970470725-0002/180.htmlSBN9785970470725-0002/180.htmlN9785970470725-0002/180.htmlw-sect-a adepth-a4sect-a adepth-a4ct-a adepth-a4-a adepth-a4 adepth-a4depth-a4pth-a4a4.4.2. Transduction.2. Transductionansductionsductionuctionivlass="aTCont-row-sect adepth4.ru/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/181.htmlu/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/181.htmlen/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/181.html/ISBN9785970470725-0002/181.htmlSBN9785970470725-0002/181.htmlN9785970470725-0002/181.htmlsect-a adepth-a4ct-a adepth-a4-a adepth-a4 adepth-a4depth-a4pth-a4h-a4.4.3. Transformation. TransformationTransformationansformationormationmationivlass="aTCont-row-sect adepth3.ru/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/182.htmlu/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/182.htmlen/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/182.html/ISBN9785970470725-0002/182.htmlSBN9785970470725-0002/182.htmlN9785970470725-0002/182.html.5. Specific aspects of viral genetics. Specific aspects of viral geneticsSpecific aspects of viral geneticsecific aspects of viral geneticsific aspects of viral genetics aspects of viral geneticsspects of viral geneticsects of viral genetics of viral geneticsf viral geneticsl geneticsgeneticsneticsivlass="aTCont-row-sect adepth3.ru/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/183.htmlu/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/183.htmlen/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/183.html/ISBN9785970470725-0002/183.htmlSBN9785970470725-0002/183.htmlN9785970470725-0002/183.htmlds in the diagnosis of infectious diseases in the diagnosis of infectious diseasesn the diagnosis of infectious diseasesthe diagnosis of infectious diseasese diagnosis of infectious diseasesdiagnosis of infectious diseasesnosis of infectious diseasessis of infectious diseases infectious diseasesnfectious diseasesectious diseasesivlass="aTCont-row-sect adepth4.ru/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/184.htmlu/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/184.htmlen/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/184.html/ISBN9785970470725-0002/184.htmlSBN9785970470725-0002/184.htmlN9785970470725-0002/184.htmle intraspecific identification of bacteriaintraspecific identification of bacteriatraspecific identification of bacteriaaspecific identification of bacteriapecific identification of bacteriacific identification of bacteriafic identification of bacteriaidentification of bacteriaentification of bacteriatification of bacteriacation of bacteriation of bacteriaf bacteriabacteriacteriaivlass="aTCont-row-sect adepth4.ru/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/185.htmlu/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/185.htmlen/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/185.html/ISBN9785970470725-0002/185.htmlSBN9785970470725-0002/185.htmlN9785970470725-0002/185.htmlfication without isolation in pure culturecation without isolation in pure culturetion without isolation in pure cultureon without isolation in pure culture without isolation in pure cultureithout isolation in pure culturehout isolation in pure culture isolation in pure culturesolation in pure culturelation in pure cultureon in pure culture in pure culturere culture cultureultureivlass="aTCont-row-sect adepth4.ru/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/188.htmlu/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/188.htmlen/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/188.html/ISBN9785970470725-0002/188.htmlSBN9785970470725-0002/188.htmlN9785970470725-0002/188.html>5.6.2. The basics of genetic engineering6.2. The basics of genetic engineering2. The basics of genetic engineering The basics of genetic engineeringhe basics of genetic engineering basics of genetic engineeringics of genetic engineerings of genetic engineeringof genetic engineering genetic engineeringetic engineeringic engineering engineeringineeringeeringivlass="aTCont-row-sect adepth3.ru/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/190.htmlu/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/190.htmlen/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/190.html/ISBN9785970470725-0002/190.htmlSBN9785970470725-0002/190.htmlN9785970470725-0002/190.htmlh-a3a3evision tasks (for self-control)ision tasks (for self-control)n tasks (for self-control)tasks (for self-control)sks (for self-control)s (for self-control)or self-control) self-control)elf-control)control)ntrol)ivlass="aTCont-row-sect adepth2.ru/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/191.htmlu/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/191.htmlen/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/191.html/ISBN9785970470725-0002/191.htmlSBN9785970470725-0002/191.htmlN9785970470725-0002/191.htmlr 6. Antimicrobial chemotherapeutic agents6. Antimicrobial chemotherapeutic agents Antimicrobial chemotherapeutic agentsntimicrobial chemotherapeutic agentsimicrobial chemotherapeutic agentsicrobial chemotherapeutic agentsbial chemotherapeutic agentsal chemotherapeutic agentsmotherapeutic agentstherapeutic agentserapeutic agentsivlass="aTCont-row-sect adepth3.ru/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/192.htmlu/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/192.htmlen/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/192.html/ISBN9785970470725-0002/192.htmlSBN9785970470725-0002/192.htmlN9785970470725-0002/192.html Kafarskaya, N.V. Davydova, N.V. Horoshko)afarskaya, N.V. Davydova, N.V. Horoshko)arskaya, N.V. Davydova, N.V. Horoshko)skaya, N.V. Davydova, N.V. Horoshko)aya, N.V. Davydova, N.V. Horoshko)a, N.V. Davydova, N.V. Horoshko).V. Davydova, N.V. Horoshko). Davydova, N.V. Horoshko)dova, N.V. Horoshko)va, N.V. Horoshko), N.V. Horoshko)ivlass="aTCont-row-sect adepth4.ru/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/193.htmlu/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/193.htmlen/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/193.html/ISBN9785970470725-0002/193.htmlSBN9785970470725-0002/193.htmlN9785970470725-0002/193.htmlow-sect-a adepth-a4-sect-a adepth-a4ect-a adepth-a4t-a adepth-a4a adepth-a4adepth-a4epth-a4-a44"6.1.1. Antibiotics1.1. Antibioticsntibioticsibioticsioticsivlass="aTCont-row-sect adepth4.ru/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/200.htmlu/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/200.htmlen/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/200.html/ISBN9785970470725-0002/200.htmlSBN9785970470725-0002/200.htmlN9785970470725-0002/200.htmletic antimicrobial chemotherapeutic agentsic antimicrobial chemotherapeutic agents antimicrobial chemotherapeutic agentsntimicrobial chemotherapeutic agentsimicrobial chemotherapeutic agentsicrobial chemotherapeutic agentsrobial chemotherapeutic agentsal chemotherapeutic agents chemotherapeutic agentshemotherapeutic agentsmotherapeutic agentserapeutic agentsapeutic agentseutic agentsc agentsagentsivlass="aTCont-row-sect adepth3.ru/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/203.htmlu/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/203.htmlen/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/203.html/ISBN9785970470725-0002/203.htmlSBN9785970470725-0002/203.htmlN9785970470725-0002/203.htmle against cellular forms of microorganismsagainst cellular forms of microorganismsainst cellular forms of microorganismsnst cellular forms of microorganismst cellular forms of microorganismscellular forms of microorganismsular forms of microorganismsar forms of microorganismsms of microorganisms of microorganismsf microorganismsivlass="aTCont-row-sect adepth4.ru/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/204.htmlu/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/204.htmlen/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/204.html/ISBN9785970470725-0002/204.htmlSBN9785970470725-0002/204.htmlN9785970470725-0002/204.htmlhesis and functions of bacterial cell wallsis and functions of bacterial cell walls and functions of bacterial cell walland functions of bacterial cell walld functions of bacterial cell wallfunctions of bacterial cell wallnctions of bacterial cell wallons of bacterial cell walls of bacterial cell wallof bacterial cell wallacterial cell wallterial cell wall cell wallell walll wallivlass="aTCont-row-sect adepth4.ru/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/205.htmlu/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/205.htmlen/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/205.html/ISBN9785970470725-0002/205.htmlSBN9785970470725-0002/205.htmlN9785970470725-0002/205.html;Inhibitors of bacterial protein synthesisnhibitors of bacterial protein synthesisibitors of bacterial protein synthesisitors of bacterial protein synthesisors of bacterial protein synthesiss of bacterial protein synthesisof bacterial protein synthesisacterial protein synthesisterial protein synthesisrial protein synthesis protein synthesisrotein synthesis synthesisynthesisthesisivlass="aTCont-row-sect adepth4.ru/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/206.htmlu/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/206.htmlen/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/206.html/ISBN9785970470725-0002/206.htmlSBN9785970470725-0002/206.htmlN9785970470725-0002/206.html Inhibitors of nucleic acid synthesisbsp;Inhibitors of nucleic acid synthesisp;Inhibitors of nucleic acid synthesisInhibitors of nucleic acid synthesishibitors of nucleic acid synthesisbitors of nucleic acid synthesistors of nucleic acid synthesis of nucleic acid synthesisf nucleic acid synthesisnucleic acid synthesiseic acid synthesisc acid synthesis synthesisynthesisthesisivlass="aTCont-row-sect adepth4ru/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/0001.html/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/0001.htmln/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/0001.htmlISBN9785970470725-0002/0001.htmlBN9785970470725-0002/0001.html9785970470725-0002/0001.htmlhibitors of cytoplasmic membrane functionsbitors of cytoplasmic membrane functionstors of cytoplasmic membrane functionsrs of cytoplasmic membrane functions of cytoplasmic membrane functionsf cytoplasmic membrane functionscytoplasmic membrane functionsplasmic membrane functionsasmic membrane functionsmic membrane functionsmembrane functionsmbrane functions functionsunctionsctionsivlass="aTCont-row-sect adepth4ru/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/0002.html/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/0002.htmln/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/0002.htmlISBN9785970470725-0002/0002.htmlBN9785970470725-0002/0002.html9785970470725-0002/0002.html.2.5. Collateral effects on microorganisms.5. Collateral effects on microorganisms. Collateral effects on microorganismsCollateral effects on microorganismsllateral effects on microorganismsateral effects on microorganismseral effects on microorganisms effects on microorganismsffects on microorganismsects on microorganismsts on microorganismsn microorganismsmicroorganismscroorganismsrganismsanismsivlass="aTCont-row-sect adepth3ru/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/0003.html/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/0003.htmln/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/0003.htmlISBN9785970470725-0002/0003.htmlBN9785970470725-0002/0003.html9785970470725-0002/0003.html.3. Medicinal resistance of bacteria. Medicinal resistance of bacteriaMedicinal resistance of bacteriacinal resistance of bacterianal resistance of bacteriasistance of bacteriastance of bacteriaance of bacteriaivlass="aTCont-row-sect adepth4.ru/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/207.htmlu/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/207.htmlen/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/207.html/ISBN9785970470725-0002/207.htmlSBN9785970470725-0002/207.htmlN9785970470725-0002/207.htmlepth-a4th-a4-a44">6.3.1. Natural resistance1. Natural resistance Natural resistancebsp;Natural resistanceNatural resistancetural resistanceresistancesistancestanceivlass="aTCont-row-sect adepth4ru/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/0004.html/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/0004.htmln/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/0004.htmlISBN9785970470725-0002/0004.htmlBN9785970470725-0002/0004.html9785970470725-0002/0004.htmlpth-a4h-a4a4.3.2. Acquired resistance. Acquired resistancenbsp;Acquired resistancesp;Acquired resistancecquired resistanceuired resistanceresistancesistancestanceivlass="aTCont-row-sect adepth4.ru/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/208.htmlu/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/208.htmlen/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/208.html/ISBN9785970470725-0002/208.htmlSBN9785970470725-0002/208.htmlN9785970470725-0002/208.html The genetic basis for acquired resistancehe genetic basis for acquired resistance genetic basis for acquired resistanceenetic basis for acquired resistanceetic basis for acquired resistanceic basis for acquired resistance basis for acquired resistanceis for acquired resistance for acquired resistanceor acquired resistancecquired resistanceuired resistanceresistancesistancestanceivlass="aTCont-row-sect adepth4.ru/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/209.htmlu/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/209.htmlen/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/209.html/ISBN9785970470725-0002/209.htmlSBN9785970470725-0002/209.htmlN9785970470725-0002/209.html Implementation of the acquired resistancemplementation of the acquired resistancelementation of the acquired resistancementation of the acquired resistancentation of the acquired resistanceation of the acquired resistanceion of the acquired resistanceof the acquired resistance the acquired resistancehe acquired resistance acquired resistanceuired resistancered resistanced resistancesistancestanceivlass="aTCont-row-sect adepth3.ru/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/211.htmlu/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/211.htmlen/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/211.html/ISBN9785970470725-0002/211.htmlSBN9785970470725-0002/211.htmlN9785970470725-0002/211.htmlnt of bacterial sensitivity to antibiotics of bacterial sensitivity to antibioticsf bacterial sensitivity to antibioticsbacterial sensitivity to antibioticscterial sensitivity to antibioticserial sensitivity to antibioticsial sensitivity to antibioticssensitivity to antibioticsnsitivity to antibioticsitivity to antibioticsity to antibioticsy to antibioticsntibioticsibioticsioticsivlass="aTCont-row-sect adepth3.ru/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/212.htmlu/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/212.htmlen/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/212.html/ISBN9785970470725-0002/212.htmlSBN9785970470725-0002/212.htmlN9785970470725-0002/212.htmlicrobial chemotherapy in the macroorganismrobial chemotherapy in the macroorganismbial chemotherapy in the macroorganismal chemotherapy in the macroorganism chemotherapy in the macroorganismhemotherapy in the macroorganismmotherapy in the macroorganismerapy in the macroorganismapy in the macroorganismy in the macroorganism the macroorganismhe macroorganismroorganismorganismganismivlass="aTCont-row-sect adepth3.ru/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/214.htmlu/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/214.htmlen/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/214.html/ISBN9785970470725-0002/214.htmlSBN9785970470725-0002/214.htmlN9785970470725-0002/214.html">6.6. Antiviral chemotherapeutic agents6. Antiviral chemotherapeutic agents Antiviral chemotherapeutic agentsntiviral chemotherapeutic agentsiviral chemotherapeutic agentsal chemotherapeutic agents chemotherapeutic agentshemotherapeutic agentstherapeutic agentserapeutic agentstic agentsc agentsagentsivlass="aTCont-row-sect adepth3.ru/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/216.htmlu/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/216.htmlen/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/216.html/ISBN9785970470725-0002/216.htmlSBN9785970470725-0002/216.htmlN9785970470725-0002/216.htmlh-a3a3evision tasks (for self-control)ision tasks (for self-control)n tasks (for self-control)tasks (for self-control)sks (for self-control)s (for self-control)or self-control) self-control)elf-control)control)ntrol)ivlass="aTCont-row-sect adepth2.ru/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/217.htmlu/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/217.htmlen/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/217.html/ISBN9785970470725-0002/217.htmlSBN9785970470725-0002/217.htmlN9785970470725-0002/217.htmlter 7. The infection study (O.V. Bukharin)r 7. The infection study (O.V. Bukharin)7. The infection study (O.V. Bukharin) The infection study (O.V. Bukharin)he infection study (O.V. Bukharin) infection study (O.V. Bukharin)ection study (O.V. Bukharin)tion study (O.V. Bukharin)tudy (O.V. Bukharin)dy (O.V. Bukharin) (O.V. Bukharin)ivlass="aTCont-row-sect adepth3.ru/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/218.htmlu/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/218.htmlen/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/218.html/ISBN9785970470725-0002/218.htmlSBN9785970470725-0002/218.htmlN9785970470725-0002/218.html.1. Infection. Forms of infectious process. Infection. Forms of infectious processInfection. Forms of infectious processfection. Forms of infectious processction. Forms of infectious procession. Forms of infectious processn. Forms of infectious processorms of infectious processms of infectious process of infectious processinfectious processfectious processus process processrocessivlass="aTCont-row-sect adepth3.ru/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/223.htmlu/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/223.htmlen/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/223.html/ISBN9785970470725-0002/223.htmlSBN9785970470725-0002/223.htmlN9785970470725-0002/223.html7.2. Driving forces for infectious process2. Driving forces for infectious process Driving forces for infectious processriving forces for infectious processving forces for infectious processng forces for infectious process forces for infectious processces for infectious processs for infectious processfor infectious processinfectious processfectious processus process processrocessivlass="aTCont-row-sect adepth3.ru/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/224.htmlu/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/224.htmlen/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/224.html/ISBN9785970470725-0002/224.htmlSBN9785970470725-0002/224.htmlN9785970470725-0002/224.htmlss and its main biological characteristics and its main biological characteristicsnd its main biological characteristics its main biological characteristicsts main biological characteristics main biological characteristicsn biological characteristicsbiological characteristicsical characteristicsal characteristics characteristicsivlass="aTCont-row-sect adepth4.ru/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/227.htmlu/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/227.htmlen/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/227.html/ISBN9785970470725-0002/227.htmlSBN9785970470725-0002/227.htmlN9785970470725-0002/227.htmlt-a adepth-a4a adepth-a4adepth-a4epth-a4th-a4-a44>7.3.1. Virulence factors3.1. Virulence factors Virulence factorsirulence factorsce factors factorsactorsivlass="aTCont-row-sect adepth4.ru/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/231.htmlu/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/231.htmlen/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/231.html/ISBN9785970470725-0002/231.htmlSBN9785970470725-0002/231.htmlN9785970470725-0002/231.html2. Pathogenic factors of infectious agents Pathogenic factors of infectious agentsathogenic factors of infectious agentshogenic factors of infectious agentsgenic factors of infectious agentsnic factors of infectious agentsc factors of infectious agentsctors of infectious agentsors of infectious agentss of infectious agents infectious agentsnfectious agentsous agentss agentsagentsivlass="aTCont-row-sect adepth4.ru/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/237.htmlu/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/237.htmlen/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/237.html/ISBN9785970470725-0002/237.htmlSBN9785970470725-0002/237.htmlN9785970470725-0002/237.html">7.3.3. Genetics of bacterial virulence3.3. Genetics of bacterial virulence3. Genetics of bacterial virulence Genetics of bacterial virulenceenetics of bacterial virulenceics of bacterial virulences of bacterial virulenceof bacterial virulence bacterial virulenceterial virulencerial virulenceal virulenceirulenceulenceivlass="aTCont-row-sect adepth3.ru/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/240.htmlu/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/240.htmlen/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/240.html/ISBN9785970470725-0002/240.htmlSBN9785970470725-0002/240.htmlN9785970470725-0002/240.html a microorganism in the infectious process microorganism in the infectious processicroorganism in the infectious processroorganism in the infectious processorganism in the infectious processganism in the infectious processsm in the infectious process in the infectious processe infectious processinfectious processfectious processivlass="aTCont-row-sect adepth4.ru/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/244.htmlu/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/244.htmlen/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/244.html/ISBN9785970470725-0002/244.htmlSBN9785970470725-0002/244.htmlN9785970470725-0002/244.htmlal and physiological barriers in infection and physiological barriers in infectionnd physiological barriers in infection physiological barriers in infectionhysiological barriers in infectionsiological barriers in infectionological barriers in infectionical barriers in infectional barriers in infection barriers in infectionarriers in infectioners in infections in infectionin infectionnfectionectionivlass="aTCont-row-sect adepth3.ru/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/247.htmlu/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/247.htmlen/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/247.html/ISBN9785970470725-0002/247.htmlSBN9785970470725-0002/247.htmlN9785970470725-0002/247.html the environment in the infectious processhe environment in the infectious process environment in the infectious processnvironment in the infectious processironment in the infectious processonment in the infectious processment in the infectious process in the infectious processn the infectious processthe infectious processinfectious processfectious processus process processrocessivlass="aTCont-row-sect adepth3.ru/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/249.htmlu/en/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/249.htmlen/doc/ISBN9785970470725-0002/249.html/ISBN9785970470725-0002/249.htmlSBN9785970470725-0002/249.htmlN9785970470725-0002/249.htmlh-a3a3evision tasks (for self-control)ision tasks (for self-control)n tasks (for self-control)tasks (for self-control)sks (for self-control)s (for self-control)or self-control) self-control)elf-control)f-control)ntrol)rol)l)iviv