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Chapter 9. CARBOXYLIC ACIDS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES

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Fundamentals of bioorganic chemistry

Оглавление

PART 1. GENERAL ASPECTS OF CHEMICAL STRUCTURE AND REACTIVITY OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS.

Chapter 1. CHEMICAL STRUCTURE AND BONDING +

Chapter 2. CLASSIFICATION AND NOMENCLATURE OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS +

Chapter 3. ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF ORGANIC MOLECULES +

Chapter 4. A BRIEF SURVEY OF ORGANIC REACTIONS +

Chapter 5. ACIDITY AND BASICITY OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS +

Chapter 6. HYDROCARBONS +

PART 2. MONOFUNCTIONAL ORGANIC COMPOUNDS OF BIOLOGICAL INTERESTS.

Chapter 7. ORGANIC HALIDES, ALCOHOLS, PHENOLS, ETHERS, AMINES, AND ORGANOSULFUR COMPOUNDS +

Chapter 8. CARBONYL COMPOUNDS +

Chapter 9. CARBOXYLIC ACIDS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES -

9.1. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CARBOXYLIC ACIDS

9.1.1. Classification and Nomenclature

9.1.2. Electronic Structure of the Carboxyl Group

9.2. ACIDIC PROPERTIES

9.3. NUCLEOPHILIC SUBSTITUTION AT ACYL CARBON

9.3.1. Esterification of Carboxylic Acids

9.3.2. Acylation Reactions with Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

9.4. ESTER CONDENSATION

9.5. DECARBOXYLATION OF CARBOXYLIC ACIDS

Additional Problems

PART 3. POLY- AND HETEROFUNCTIONAL COMPOUNDS IN LIVING SYSTEMS. Chapter 10. STEREOISOMERISM +

Chapter 11. POLY- AND HETEROFUNCTIONAL COMPOUNDS +

Chapter 12. LIPIDS +

Chapter 13. TERPENOIDS AND STEROIDS +

PART 4. BIOPOLYMERS AND THEIR STRUCTURAL CONSTITUENTS.

Chapter 14. CARBOHYDRATES +

Chapter 15. α-AMINO ACIDS, PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS +

Chapter 16. BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS +

Chapter 17. NUCLEOTIDES AND NUCLEIC ACIDS +

Appendix 1. Principal Parameters of Covalent Bonds

Appendix 2. Glossary

Appendix 3. Answers to problems